Kev tsim PCBA feem ntau pib nrog Kev ntes duab kos, ua raws li Kev Tso PCB, Kev Taw Qhia, DRC (Kev Tshawb Xyuas Txoj Cai Tsim Qauv), thiab Kev Tshawb Xyuas DFM, ces cov zis tawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Gerber, Cov Ntaub Ntawv NC Drill, BOM (Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Khoom Siv), thiab Daim Duab Sib DhosRau cov qauv tsim nyuaj, HDI PCB thev naus laus zis nrog cov microvias uas tau drilled los ntawm laser thiab kev lamination ua ntu zus tej zaum yuav tsum tau ua.

Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb muaj xws li:

• Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Hauv Netlist
• Kev Kos Duab Kho Tshuab
• Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Cheebtsam
• Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Muaj Peev Xwm Txheej Txheem (qhov dav/qhov sib nrug tsawg kawg nkaus, qhov loj me ntawm qhov, qhov dav ntawm lub pas dej solder, qhov yuav tsum tau tswj impedance)

Cov ntaub ntawv tso zis tseem ceeb muaj xws li:

• Gerber RS-274X los yog ODB++
• Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Txog NC
• Xaiv & Muab Cov Ntaub Ntawv
• Stencil Gerber
• Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Qhov Kev Ntsuas
• Daim Duab Sib Dhos & Cov Ntaub Ntawv Silkscreen

2.1 Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Kev Tso Chaw

Qhov chaw yog lub hauv paus ntawm PCBA tsim thiab cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau Kev Zoo ntawm Kev Teeb Liab, Kev Ua Haujlwm Kub, thiab Kev Tsim KhoomQhov chaw zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Kev tswj hwm impedance PCB cov qauv tsim thiab cov voj voog digital ceev ceev.

• Kev faib ua feem ua haujlwmCais cov cheeb tsam analog, digital, fais fab, thiab high-speed interface kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam.
• Kev Ntsuas Teeb Liab: Muab cov khoom tso rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb liab kom txo qhov hla thiab thaj chaw voj voog.
• Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov CheebtsamTso MCU/FPGA/SoC, DDR, moos, thiab cov modules fais fab ua ntej.
• Kev Tso Ntug: Cov khoom sib txuas, cov nyees khawm, thiab cov LEDs ze ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
• Kev Tsim Kho Thermal: Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab nyob ze cov kav dej cua sov lossis cov ntaub qhwv cua sov; ntxiv thermal ntawm arrays nyob rau hauv cov khoom kub.

2.2 Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb Txog Kev Taw Qhia

• Qhov Dav Dav thiab Lub Peev Xwm Tam Sim No: 0.5 hli qhov dav ntawm 1 oz tooj liab nqa kwv yees li 1 A. Yog xav tau tam sim no siab dua, siv tooj liab rau los yog cov hnyav tooj liab tuab dua.
• Kev Sib Txawv KhubUSB, HDMI, LVDS, Ethernet xav tau Kev Sib Tw Ntev, Qhov Sib Npaug Sib Npaug, thiab Kev Sib Txuas Nruj kom tswj tau kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub teeb liab thiab txo qis kev poob ntawm kev ntxig thiab kev poob rov qab.
• Kev Tswj Xyuas ImpedanceCov teeb liab ceev ceev xav tau tus cwj pwm impedance xam los ntawm stack-up; cov nqi feem ntau yog 50 Ω ib kawg thiab 100 Ω sib txawv. Kev tshuaj xyuas engineering yuav tsum suav nrog kev tswj hwm impedance kev txheeb xyuas.
• Txoj Kev Rov Qab Los: Xyuas kom meej tias muaj ib daim duab qhia chaw tiav kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem EMI ntawm daim duab faib; ntxiv kev xaws vias ze ntawm cov txheej hloov pauv.
• Los ntawm: Txo cov kev hla ceev ceev; siv Kev Tshawb Xyuas Tom Qab los yog Vias dig muag/faus thaum tsim nyog. Rau HDI tsim, siv cov vias sib dhos los yog cov voj voog sib txawv nrog tooj liab txhaws.

DFM tsis zoo ua rau Kev Txuas Lus Rau Cov Hlau, Kev ua koob tsheej rau ntawm lub ntxa, Cov Pob Qij Txha Txias, Kev Hloov Cheebtsam, thiab Cov Pob SolderKev tshuaj xyuas DFM ua ntej kev tsim khoom ntau pab tiv thaiv cov qoob loo thawj zaug.

3.1 Tsim Qauv Av

Cov qauv av yuav tsum ua raws li IPC-7351Tsim cov ntaub pua plag kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim khu kev qha PCB sib dhos thiab PCBA sib dhos.

• Cov Cheebtsam CHIP (0402, 0603, 0805): Qhov loj ntawm lub ncoo yuav tsum phim lub qhov qhib ntawm lub stencil thiab cov profile reflow kom tsis txhob muaj qhov ntxa.
• QFN (Quad Flat No-lead): Lub qab Thermal Pad yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ntu kom txo qhov tso zis thiab cov pob qij txha txias; siv lub npog ntsej muag solder txhais (SMD) los yog lub ntsej muag tsis muaj solder txhais (NSMD) cov ntaub qhwv kom haum.
• BGA (Pob Grid Array)Feem ntau, lub qhov loj ntawm lub ncoo yog 80–85% ntawm lub pob qhov loj; qhov qhib ntawm lub npog ntsej muag yuav tsum raug kom tsis txhob muaj lub npog ntsej muag ntawm lub ncoo. Rau BGA zoo, siv lub pas dej ua los ntawm cov hlau nplaum dav ≤0.1 hli lossis tshem tawm lub pas dej yog tias xav tau.
• SOT/SOP/QFP: Lub suab zoo yuav tsum tau qhov dav ntawm lub qhov dej solder kom txaus kom tiv thaiv kev sib txuas.

3.2 Kev Sib Nrug thiab Kev Taw Qhia ntawm Cheebtsam

• Qhov sib nrug ntawm cov khoom sib ze yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub nozzle pick-and-place thiab rework (≥0.3 hli).
• Muab cov khoom zoo sib xws tso rau tib qho kev taw qhia kom yooj yim dua rau kev tshuaj xyuas AOI.
• Khaws qhov nrug txaus ntawm cov khoom siab thiab luv kom tsis txhob muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua.

3.3 Lub Npog Ncauj Solder & Silkscreen

• Lub Npog Ncauj Solder dav ≥0.1 hli kom tiv thaiv kev sib txuas.
• Silkscreen yuav tsum tsis txhob sib tshooj cov ntaub qhwv; khaws qhov sib nrug ≥0.2 hli.
• Kev Cim Polarity, Tus lej 1 qhia, thiab Tus Neeg Siv Khoom Siv yuav tsum meej.
• Xaiv xim ntawm lub ntsej muag solder (ntsuab, xiav, dub, liab, dawb) raws li cov neeg siv khoom nyiam; xyuas kom meej tias cov lus piav qhia nyeem tau yooj yim.

4.1 DFT

DFT ua rau muaj kev sim PCBA zoo thiab pheej yig thiab txhawb kev tsim cov kev pab cuam sim thiab tsim cov khoom siv.

• Kev Ntsuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Dav Hlau: Tsis tas yuav muaj khoom siv; zoo tagnrho rau cov qauv thiab cov khoom me me.
• ICT (Kev Ntsuas Hauv Circuit): Yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus sim thiab cov khoom siv; haum rau cov ntim khoom ntau. Peb tsim qauv cov qauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus xeem nrog kev pab them nqi txaus.
• FCT (Kev Ntsuas Circuit Ua Haujlwm): Txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm PCBA kev ua haujlwm.
• Kev Ntsuas Ciam Teb (JTAG)Siv cov txheej txheem sim ua ke uas twb muaj lawm los txo cov ntsiab lus sim lub cev.

Cov kev cai ntawm DFT:

• Qhov ntsuas qhov txoj kab uas hla ≥0.8 hli, qhov nrug ≥1.27 hli.
• Faib cov ntsiab lus xeem rau ib sab thaum twg ua tau.
• Khaws cov chaw sim kom tsis txhob muaj dab tsi thaiv thiab deb ntawm cov khoom siab.
• Tseg cov chaw sim rau cov fais fab thiab cov av kom ua tau kev sim luv luv ntawm lub zog tua thiab kev ntsuas hluav taws xob thaum muaj hluav taws xob.

4.2 DFA

DFA tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev sib dhos thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ua yuam kev.

• Kev tsim vaj huam sib luag: Siv V-txiav (V-Scoring) los yog Tom Nas / Qhov CimRau kev sib dhos pcb nrog cov khoom dai ntug, siv kev taw qhia ntawm tab nrog nas tom.
• Cov cuab yeej Rail: 3–5 hli dav rau kev xa khoom thiab kev tso chaw.
• Fiducial MarkYam tsawg kawg yog 2–3 lub tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb; cov tuam txhab hauv zos rau cov khoom siv zoo li BGA thiab QFN.
• Poka-Yoke: Xyuas kom cov connectors muaj kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb kom tiv thaiv kev ntxig rov qab.

5.1 Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Lub Teeb Liab (SI)

Cov teeb meem SI suav nrog Kev xav txog, Kev Sib Tham Sib Tham, Tua dhau, Tua hauv qab, thiab Lub Sijhawm Sib Tw. Kev kub ceev Tsim PCB siv tau kev sim ua ntej tsim qauv thiab kev txheeb xyuas tom qab kev teeb tsa los ntsuam xyuas qhov daim duab qhia txog qhov muag.

• Kev Sib Tw Impedance: Qhov kev xaus series, kev xaus parallel, lossis kev xaus AC.
• Kev Sib Tw Ntev: Serpentine routing rau DDR cov ntaub ntawv / chaw nyob pawg thiab cov khub sib txawv.
• Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Sib Txuas LusTxoj cai 3W (qhov sib nrug ≥3 × qhov dav ntawm cov kab cim); ntxiv cov kab cim rau cov teeb liab tseem ceeb.
• Rov Qab Los Ntawm: Ntxiv cov xov xaws ze ntawm cov txheej hloov pauv kom txo cov voj voog inductance.

5.2 Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Lub Hwj Chim (PI)

Cov teeb meem PI suav nrog Lub zog nrov, Kev poob hluav taws xob, thiab Kev Dhia Hauv Av. Ib qho tsim tau zoo Kev Sib Txuas Lus Fais Fab (PDN) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.

• Decoupling Capacitor: Muab 0.1 µF + 10 µF sib xyaw ua ke ze ntawm txhua lub pin fais fab; siv Cov capacitors qis-ESL rau kev sib txuas lus zaus siab.
• Lub zog dav hlau faibCais cov dav hlau fais fab analog thiab digital; tsis txhob hla cov kev sib cais nrog cov teeb liab ceev ceev.
• Txoj Kev Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm TsawgCov fais fab sib ze thiab cov dav hlau hauv av tsim cov peev xwm dav hlau; tswj cov dielectric nyias nyias ntawm cov hwj chim thiab cov txheej hauv av.
• Kev suav ntawm Via: ntau qhov chaw hla sib luag rau cov kev siv hluav taws xob siab; siv tooj liab puv vias rau cov vias tam sim no siab.

5.3 EMC (Kev Sib Txuas Lus Hluav Taws Xob)

EMC npog EMI (Kev Cuam Tshuam Hluav Taws Xob) thiab EMS (Kev Raug Mob Hluav Taws Xob)Kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej ua raws li EMC tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov kev pheej hmoo tsim ua ntej kev sim ua ntej.

• Txoj Cai 20H: Rov qab ntug ntawm lub zog ntawm lub dav hlau los ntawm 20 × qhov sib nrug ntawm txheej kom txo cov teb fringing.
• Kev lim dej sib txuasNtxiv TVS, hom chokes, ferrite beads, thiab capacitors ntawm I/O connectors.
• Kev Tiv ThaivSiv cov ntaub thaiv npog rau cov chaw rhiab heev; muab cov ntaub pua plag av rau kev txuas ntaub thaiv.
• Crystal & Moos: Tsis muaj kev taw qhia hauv qab cov siv lead ua; siv cov kab cim tiv thaiv thiab khaws cov kab cim moos kom luv.

5.4 HDI PCB Tsim

Rau cov qauv tsim uas muaj cov qauv ntom ntom heev, HDI PCB thev naus laus zis nrog cov microvias uas tau drilled los ntawm laser, qhov muag tsis pom kev, thiab qhov chaw faus ua rau cov yam ntxwv me me thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev xa xov ntau dua. Cov kev xav tseem ceeb:

• Microvia aspect ratio feem ntau ≤1:1.
• Siv cov microvias uas tau teeb tsa ua ke rau kev hloov pauv txheej hauv thaj chaw siab.
• Kev lamination ua ntu zus cov txheej txheem tso cai rau ntau txheej microvia.
• Via-in-pad nrog tooj liab txhaws thiab kev npaj ua ntej rau BGA kiv cua tawm.

6.1 BGA Tsim

BGA pad tsim ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau soldering yield rau PCB sib dhos thiab PCBA sib dhos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov BGA zoo.

• Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub ncoo ≈0.8–0.85 × txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub pob (piv txwv li, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub pob 0.25 hli rau lub pob 0.3 hli).
• Qhov qhib ntawm lub npog ntsej muag solder loj dua li daim ntaub los ntawm 0.025–0.05 hli ib sab.
• NSMD (Lub Npog Ncauj Tsis Muaj Solder Txhais) los yog SMD (Lub Npog Ncauj Solder Txhais); NSMD ib txwm muaj rau BGA zoo-suab.
• Fanout vias 0.2 hli/0.1 hli lossis me dua; siv Via-in-Pad nrog Tooj liab puv / Resin puv kom tiv thaiv kev solder wicking.
• Ntxiv cov cim qhia txog kev ntseeg siab hauv zos ze BGA rau qhov chaw raug.

6.2 QFN Tsim

Cov pob khoom QFN (Quad Flat No-lead) xav tau kev tsim cov thermal pad zoo.

• Faib cov ntaub qhwv cua sov ua ntau daim ntaub me me lossis siv ib daim ntaub nrog cov qhov sib cais ntawm cov stencil kom txo qhov voiding.
• Ncua cov pin pads 0.2–0.3 hli dhau ntawm ntug pob khoom rau kev tshuaj xyuas AOI.
• Siv Kev Txuas Cov Roj Hmab los yog Kev Sau Tooj Liab rau cov thermal pad vias kom tiv thaiv solder wicking.
• Rau cov QFN muaj zog heev, ntxiv thermal ntawm array txuas rau cov dav hlau tooj liab sab hauv.

6.3 0402 / 0201 / 01005 Cov Cheebtsam Me Me

• 0402 qhov nrug ntawm daim ntaub: 0.4–0.5 hli; 0201: 0.25–0.3 hli; 01005: 0.15–0.2 hli.
• Siv cov qhov apertures ntawm lub pob anti-solder stencil (notched los yog reduced).
• Muab cov cim qhia txaus rau qhov chaw raug.
• Xav txog kev muab kua nplaum rau kev sib dhos ob sab nrog cov khoom hnyav.

7.1 Tsim Qauv Qhov Aperture

Tsim qhov qhib ntawm Stencil ncaj qha txiav txim siab luam ntawv nplaum zoo thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua rau txhua PCBA.

• Qhov tuab ntawm daim duab: 0.1–0.15 hli ib txwm muaj; 0.08 hli rau cov khoom me me; 0.2 hli rau cov hluav taws xob siab.
• Qhov Piv ntawm Thaj ChawThaj chaw qhib / thaj chaw phab ntsa qhib > 0.66.
• Qhov Sib PivQhov dav ntawm daim duab / qhov tuab ntawm daim duab > 1.5.
• Cov Qhov Qhib Tshwj Xeeb: QFN thermal pad ntau lub qhov rais me me; BGA txo voj voog lossis plaub fab; anti-solder pob notched apertures rau cov khoom chip.
• Xav txog kauj ruam stencil rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke (piv txwv li, stencil tuab rau thaj chaw siab tam sim no, nyias rau qhov zoo-suab).

7.2 Kev Rov Ua Dua & Kev Siv Tes Ua Ke

• Kev Siv Tshuab Solder Rov QabRau cov khoom SMT; xav tau kom zoo qhov kub thiab txias (ua ntej kom sov, tsau, rov ua kom sov, txias). Siv kev hloov pauv nitrogen rau kev txhim kho wetting thiab txo qis oxidation.
• Kev Siv Tes Ua TesRau cov khoom siv los ntawm qhov (DIP) thiab cov txheej txheem kua nplaum liab SMT.
• Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Xaiv: Kev vuam hauv zos rau cov khoom sib txuas los ntawm qhov; zoo tagnrho rau cov laug cam sib xyaw ua ke.
• Cov Txheej Txheem Tsis Muaj Lead: SAC305 cov tshuaj nplaum nplaum; qhov kub siab tshaj plaws rov ua dua 235–250 ° C. Cov khoom tiav nto feem ntau suav nrog HASL tsis muaj lead, POM ZOO, Chaw Ua Haujlwm Tua Hluav Taws Dawb, nyiaj immersion, thiab lub lauj kaub immersion.

7.3 Kev Sib Dhos Sib Xyaws

Ua ke SMT reflow thiab DIP wave soldering, lossis siv Pin-in-Paste (PIP) rau cov khoom sib txuas ntawm qhov hauv reflow.

8.1 Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Sib Txuas Lus

• V-txiav (V-Scoring): Tus nqi qis; rau cov laug cam plaub fab uas tsis muaj cov khoom ntug.
• Tom Nas / Qhov Cim: Rau cov laug cam tsis sib xws lossis cov khoom ntug; siv kev taw qhia ntawm tab nrog tom nas.
• Choj + Nas Tom: Ua ke lub zog thiab kev sib cais yooj yim.

8.2 Cov Cuab Yeej Siv Rail & Fiducial Mark

• Qhov dav ntawm txoj hlua khi: 3–5 hli.
• Cim qhia txog kev ntseeg: 1 hli txoj kab uas hla, 2–3 hli qhov qhib ntawm lub ntsej muag vuam, kub lossis immersion tin tiav.
• Cov neeg saib xyuas hauv zos rau BGA / QFN cov khoom siv suab zoo.

8.3 Qhov Loj thiab Qhov Ntau ntawm Vaj Huam Sib Luag

• Qhov loj ntawm vaj huam sib luag hauv qhov chaw khaws thiab tso thiab qhov cub rov ua dua (≤400 hli × 400 hli).
• Sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev siv cov khoom siv; tsis txhob warpage.
• Siv cov tabs tawg los yog cov qhov chaw uas tau teeb tsa kom txo qhov kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sijhawm depaneling.

9.1 Kev Tshawb Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob

• DRC tsis muaj qhov yuam kev loj heev.
• Qhov sib phim ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub teeb liab tseem ceeb, impedance, thiab qhov sib nrug.
• Lub zog net los ntawm kev suav thiab lub peev xwm tam sim no.
• Kev sim ua kom lub teeb liab zoo cov txiaj ntsig ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm daim duab qhia qhov muag.

9.2 Kev Tshawb Xyuas DFM

• Qhov loj ntawm lub ncoo ib IPC-7351.
• Qhov nrug ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua tsawg kawg nkaus.
• Lub npog ntsej muag solder, silkscreen, polarity cim meej.
• Lub qhov aperture ntawm Stencil sib ntsib qhov piv ntawm thaj chaw.
• Kev tsim vaj huam sib luag thiab cov cuab yeej rail tam sim no.

9.3 Kev Tshawb Xyuas DFT

• Kev them rau cov ntsiab lus sim ntawm cov nets tseem ceeb.
• Cov ntsiab lus xeem tsis muaj dab tsi thaiv.
• Kev ua tau ntawm cov khoom siv ICT.

9.4 Kev Tshawb Xyuas Sib Dhos

• Cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov cim fiducial muaj.
• Txoj kev teeb tsa vaj huam sib luag tsim nyog.
• Qhov nrug ntawm V-txiav ≥0.5 hli.

9.5 Kev Sau Ntawv Kom Tiav

• Gerber txheej npe raug qauv.
• BOM cov lej ntawm cov khoom, pob khoom, qhov ntau thiab tsawg raug.
• Xaiv & tso cov ntaub ntawv phim BOM.
• Cov ntaub ntawv Stencil phim cov qauv PCB.

Rau cov khoom qub los yog cov khoom siv qub Cov laug cam PCBA, PCBA rov qab engineering tuaj yeem rov tsim cov schematics, BOM, thiab cov ntaub ntawv Gerber los ntawm cov laug cam lub cev thiab txuas cov ntaub ntawv rov qab los rau ib qho tshiab Tsim PCB thiab PCBA sib dhos kev ua haujlwm.

Peb cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab suav nrog:

• Kev thaij duab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab kev tshuaj xyuas X-ray los kos duab cov khaubncaws sab hauv.
• Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom thiab kev rho tawm BOM suav nrog cov khoom hloov pauv qub lawm.
• Kev ntes duab kos los ntawm kev tsim kho dua tshiab ntawm netlist.
• Kev tsim qauv PCB ua si nrog DFM kev txhim kho.
• Kev sib dhos PCBA qauv thiab kev sim ua haujlwm.

Cov kev pabcuam ntxiv uas muaj nqis ntxiv:

• Txheej txheem conformal rau cov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav.
• Kev ntim thiab encapsulation rau kev tiv thaiv kev co.
• Tsis txaus rau BGA thiab CSP pob khoom.
• Rov ua dua thiab kho dua siv BGA rework chaw nres tsheb.
• Kev tsim kho qhov kev sim ua haujlwm rau kev cai PCBA.